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Synchronization performance tips

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Java performance tuning tips relevent when using synchronization.

Synchronization tips referred to by this page are: about the use of the synchronization keyword; alternatives to using synchronization; overheads from using synchronization; contention costs of using synchronization.

Not included here are: tips about synchronizing data across distributed systems, such as synchronizing caches; nor tips about using asynchronous communications or I/O.


The following pages have their detailed tips extracted below


The following detailed tips have been extracted from the raw tips page

http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2001/05/30/optimization.html
Comparing the performance of LinkedLists and ArrayLists (and Vectors) (Page last updated May 2001, Added 2001-06-18, Author Jack Shirazi, Publisher OnJava). Tips:

http://java.oreilly.com/news/javaperf_0900.html
My article on basic optimizations for queries on collections (Page last updated September 2000, Added 2000-10-23, Author Jack Shirazi, Publisher O'Reilly). Tips:

http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-11-2000/jw-1117-optimize.html
Article about optimizing queries on Maps. (Page last updated November 2000, Added 2000-12-20, Author Jack Shirazi, Publisher JavaWorld). Tips:

http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jch/java/optimization.html
For years, Jonathan Hardwick's old but classic site was the only coherent Java performance tuning site on the web. He built it while doing his PhD. It wasn't updated beyond March 1998, when he moved to Microsoft, but most tips are still useful and valid. The URL is for the top page, there are another eight pages. Thanks Jonathan. (Page last updated March 1998, Added 2000-10-23, Author Jonathan Hardwick, Publisher Hardwick). Tips:

http://library.cs.tuiasi.ro/programming/java/cutting_edge_java_game_programming/ewtoc.html
"Cutting Edge Java Game Programming". Oldish but still useful intro book to games programming using Java. (Page last updated 1996, Added 2001-06-18, Author Neil Bartlett, Steve Simkin , Publisher Coriolis). Tips:

http://www.glenmccl.com/jperf/
Glen McCluskey's paper with 30 tuning tips, now free. (Page last updated October 1999, Added 2000-10-23, Author Glen McCluskey, Publisher McCluskey). Tips:

http://www.sun.com/solaris/java/wp-java/6.html
Performance tuning part of a white paper about Java on Solaris 2.6. (Page last updated 2000, Added 2000-10-23, Author ?, Publisher Sun). Tips:

http://www.patrick.net/jpt/index.html
Patrick Killelea's Java performance tips. (Page last updated 1999, Added 2000-10-23, Author Patrick Killelea, Publisher Killelea). Tips:

http://www.devresource.hp.com/JavaATC/JavaPerfTune/index.html
HP Java tuning site, including optimizing Java and optimizing HPUX for Java. This is the top page, but several useful pages lie off it (tips extracted for inclusion below). Includes a nice "procedure" list for tuning apps, and some useful forms for what you should record while tuning. (Page last updated 2000, Added 2000-10-23, Author ?, Publisher HP). Tips:

http://www.sys-con.com/java/article.cfm?id=671
J2EE Application server performance (Page last updated April 2001, Added 2001-04-20, Author Misha Davidson, Publisher Java Developers Journal). Tips:

http://www.bastie.de/resource/res/mjp.pdf and http://www.bastie.de/java/mjperformance/contents.html
Performance tuning report in German. Thanks to Peter Kofler for extracting the tips. (Page last updated November 2001, Added 2001-07-20, Author Sebastian Ritter, Publisher Ritter). Tips:

http://www.unixsolutions.hp.com/products/java/perf.html
A different HP tip page on optimizing Java performance, from the "HP-UX Programmer's Guide for Java". Gives info on HP system performance monitoring too (Page last updated ?, Added 2000-10-23, Author ?, Publisher HP). Tips:

http://www-4.ibm.com/software/webservers/appserv/ws_bestpractices.pdf
Paper detailing the "Best Practices for Developing High Performance Web and Enterprise Applications" using IBM's WebSphere. All the tips are generally applicable to servlet/EJB development, as well as other types of server development. (Page last updated September 2000, Added 2001-01-19, Author Harvey W. Gunther, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-threads1.html
When synchronization is required (Page last updated July 2001, Added 2001-07-20, Author Brian Goetz, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-threads2.html
Reducing thread contention (Page last updated September 2001, Added 2001-10-22, Author Brian Goetz, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-2001/jw-1207-hprof.html
The hprof profiler (Page last updated December 2001, Added 2001-12-26, Author Bill Pierce, Publisher JavaWorld). Tips:

http://www.devx.com/upload/free/Features/Javapro/2002/02feb02/kr0202/kr0202-1.asp
Thread programming (Page last updated January 2002, Added 2002-01-25, Author Karthik Rangaraju, Publisher DevX). Tips:

http://jsl.jcon.org/javaperformance.html
An assortment of tips (Page last updated 2000, Added 2000-10-23, Author Curt Smith, Publisher Smith). Tips:

http://www.nandighosha.org/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=185&FORUM_ID=10&CAT_ID=2&Topic_Title=Java+performance+tuning+tips&Forum_Title=Java+%2D+Tips+Of+The+Day
Various performance tips (Page last updated May 2001, Added 2001-06-18, Author Asha Balasubramanyan, Publisher Nandighosha). Tips:

http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1012-deadlock.html
Avoiding synchronization deadlocks (Page last updated October 2001, Added 2001-10-22, Author Brain Goetz, Publisher JavaWorld). Tips:

http://www.sys-con.com/java/article.cfm?id=1133
Techniques to avoid deadlocks (Page last updated September 2001, Added 2001-10-22, Author Mark Dykstra, Publisher Java Developers Journal). Tips:

http://www.javaspecialists.co.za/archive/Issue001.html
Deadlocks (Page last updated November 2000, Added 2002-04-26, Author Heinz M. Kabutz, Publisher Kabutz). Tips:

http://www.precisejava.com/javaperf/j2ee/Servlets.htm
Servlet performance tips (Page last updated November 2001, Added 2001-12-26, Authors Ravi Kalidindi and Rohini Datla, Publisher PreciseJava). Tips:

http://www.precisejava.com/javaperf/j2ee/JSP.htm
JSP performance tips (Page last updated November 2001, Added 2001-12-26, Authors Ravi Kalidindi and Rohini Datla, Publisher PreciseJava). Tips:

http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/Books/performance2/chap3.pdf
Chapter 3 of "High Performance Java Computing : Multi-Threaded and Networked Programming", "Race Conditions and Mutual Exclusion" (Page last updated January 2001, Added 2001-02-21, Authors George Thiruvathukal, Thomas Christopher, Publisher Sun). Tips:

http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/Books/performance2/chap4.pdf
Chapter 4 of "High Performance Java Computing : Multi-Threaded and Networked Programming", "Monitors" (Page last updated January 2001, Added 2001-02-21, Authors George Thiruvathukal, Thomas Christopher, Publisher Sun). Tips:

http://www.sys-con.com/java/article.cfm?id=639
Benchmarking JMS (Page last updated March 2001, Added 2001-03-21, Author Dave Chappell, Bill Wood, Publisher Java Developers Journal). Tips:

http://softwaredev.earthweb.com/java/article/0,,12082_951051,00.html
Multithreading and read-write locks (Page last updated January 2002, Added 2002-01-25, Author Nasir Khan, Publisher EarthWeb). Tips:

http://softwaredev.earthweb.com/java/article/0,,12082_951051,00.html
Multithreading and read-write locks, part 2 (Page last updated January 2002, Added 2002-01-25, Author Nasir Khan, Publisher EarthWeb). Tips:

http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/excerpt/wirelessjava_ch5/index3.html
MIDP GUI programming (Page last updated March 2002, Added 2002-03-25, Author Qusay Mahmoud, Publisher OnJava). Tips:

http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/software/java/perform.html
Both Java specific and Java on OS/390 tips. (Page last updated 2000, Added 2000-10-23, Author ?, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www.javaworld.com/javatips/jw-javatip26.html
Javaworld tip article, detailing a buffered RandomAccessFile class. (Page last updated 1998?, Added 2000-10-23, Author Nick Zhang). Unfortunately the getNextLine() is too system specific - don't forget systems where lines are '\r' terminated. Tips:

http://www.developer.ibm.com/library/articles/programmer/haggar_bytecode.html
Nice article on understanding bytecodes by Peter Haggar, Added 2000-10-23, Author of "Practical Java". Explains why a synchronized method is faster than a functionally identical synchronized block. (Page last updated 2000, Added 2000-10-23, Author Peter Haggar, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/Books/programming/performance/eperformance/eJavaCh01.pdf
Chapter 1 of "Enterprise Java Performance", "Performance in General". Includes the infamous sentences "It is likely that the code will not meet the performance requirements the very first time it runs. Even if it does, it may be worthwhile to look for some ways to improve it." NO NO NO! If the code meets the performance requirements, DON'T CHANGE IT. Next time guys, ask me to review your book before you publish. (Page last updated 2000, Added 2000-10-23, Authors Steven Halter & Steven Munroe, Publisher Sun). Tips:

http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/ibm/library/i-tuning/?open
Tuning the IBM JVM and Linux (Page last updated May 2001, Added 2001-10-22, Authors Duc Vianney and James Phelan, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www.awlonline.com/product/0,2627,0201616467,00.html
Peter Haggar's Practical Java Programming Language Guide. (Page last updated 2000, Added 2001-01-19, Author Peter Haggar, Publisher Addison-Wesley). Tips:

http://www.cs.tcd.ie/courses/baict/bacs/sf/Animation/
Basic animation tutorial (Page last updated ?, Added 2000-12-20, Author Dave ?, Publisher ?). Tips:

http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/community/chat/JavaLive/2001/jl0327.html
Sun community chat session: Tuning the Java Runtime for "Big Iron" (Page last updated March 2001, Added 2001-04-20, Author Edward Ort, Publisher Sun). Tips:

http://www.java-pro.com/upload/free/features/javapro/2001/01jan01/tm0101/tm0101.asp
Basic article on performance tuning techniques. (Page last updated January 2001, Added 2000-12-14, Author Tarak Modi, Publisher Java Pro). Tips:

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/performance/1st_edition/html/JPAlgorithms.fm.html
Chapter 8, "Algorithms and data structures" of "Java Platform Performance: Strategies and Tactics." (Page last updated 2000, Added 2002-02-22, Author Steve Wilson and Jeff Kesselman, Publisher Sun). Tips:

http://www.protomatter.com/nate/java-optimization/
Various tips. (Page last updated 1999?, Added 2000-10-23, Author Nate Sammons, Publisher Sammons). Tips:

http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/webcasts/chicago/pdf/j2se.pdf
Sun presentation on J2SE performance strategies (originally accessed from Reginald Hutcherson's page) (Page last updated May 2001, Added 2001-06-18, Author Reginald Hutcherson, Publisher Sun). Tips:

http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Threads/applet/index.html
Introductory level article on threading applets (Page last updated March 2001, Added 2001-03-21, Author Monica Pawlan, Publisher Sun). Tips:

http://www-4.ibm.com/software/os/warp/performance/javatip.htm
IBM's list of Java performance tuning tips (same page, two URLs). (Page last updated 2000, Added 2000-10-23, Author ?, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-jtctips/j-jtc0219a.html
Double-if on multi-CPU (Page last updated February 2002, Added 2002-03-25, Author Phil Vickers, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www.as400.ibm.com/developer/java/faq/perffaq.html
Some IBM Java performance tips. Although intended for AS/400 Java, many tips are generally applicable (Page last updated ?, Added 2000-10-23, Author ?, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www.ibm.com/java/education/javahipr/javahipr1.html
Research paper on high performance Java. (Page last updated 1999, Added 2000-10-23, Author Sandeep K. Singhal, Publisher IBM). Tips:

http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-2000/jw-1229-traps.html
Runtime.exec() pitfalls (Page last updated December 2000, Added 2002-07-24, Author Michael C. Daconta, Publisher JavaWorld). Tips:


Last Updated: 2024-02-27
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